Previous investigations of gender differences in parliamentary activities have emphasized the frequency of speeches and topics discussed, especially during Question Time. However, Question Time is only a small part of the parliamentary day, and although it is the most visible it may not be representative of the work of parliamentarians. This paper extends the type of parliamentary activities under consideration. Using the case of Australia, we analyse speeches in the House of Representatives, speeches in the Federation Chamber, adjournment and constituency statements, and asking oral questions. We test a series of hypotheses on the impact of the level of gatekeeping party leaders have on access to a specific activity. To test these hypotheses, we use data on parliamentary activities from the Australian House of Representatives across more than 40 years. Results show gender gaps of varying size and direction across our four parliamentary activities. Larger gaps occur for parliamentary activities with the highest level of gatekeeping; however, we find that women have higher level of participation than men. Women are also more likely to engage in Federation Chamber speeches while men are more active in House of Representation speeches and Adjournment and constituency than women. Looking at the impact of time, percentage of women in the party room, and party in government, we find little impact of these variables on gender differences in speeches in the Federation Chamber and adjournment and constituency statements. We find that gender differences in asking oral questions and speeches in the House of Representatives changes over time and as the percentage of women increases.
